رمه گردانی
از ویکی پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
یک رمه گاه[۱] تابستانه در گودبراندس دال[۲]، نروژ.
به نوعی از کوچ گردی عشایر که با اسکان نیمه ثابت همراه باشد رَمه گَردانی گفته می شود. [۳]
به عبارتی رمه گردانی، دامداری متحرک توسط گروهی است که در اصل یکجانشین و روستانشین است. در اصطلاح، کوچ گرد بودن یا کوچ نشینی را اسکان متحرک، یکجانشینی را اسکان ثابت و رمه گردانی را اسکان نیمه متحرک می گویند. [۴]
گالش ها در گیلان و مازندران نمونه ای از دامداران فصلی یا همان رمه گردانان هستند.
این یک نوشتار خُرد است. با گسترش آن به ویکی پدیا کمک کنید.
منابع [ویرایش]
↑ در اسکاندیناوی به رمه گاه seter می گویند.
↑ Gudbrandsdal
↑ روزنامه اطلاعات، پنجشنبه ۱۴ آذر ۱۳۸۷، ۴ دسامبر ۲۰۰۸، شماره ۲۴۳۵۵
↑ روزنامه همشهری، سال چهارم، شماره ۱۱۲۶، نوامبر ۱۹۹۶
رده ها: اقتصا دبهینه جویی های اقتصادی دامدامپروری عشایرمهاجرت انسان
قس انگلیسی
Transhumance is the seasonal movement of people with their livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures. In montane regions ( vertical transhumance ) it implies movement between higher pastures in summer and lower valleys in winter. Herders have a permanent home, typically in valleys. Only the herds travel, with the people necessary to tend them. In contrast, horizontal transhumance is more susceptible to being disrupted by climatic, economic or political change. [1]
Traditional or fixed transhumance occurs or has occurred throughout the inhabited world, including Austria, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Chad, Croatia, France, Greece, India, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Lebanon, Macedonia, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Turkey, Scandinavia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Georgia, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Lesotho. It is also practised among more nomadic Sami people of Scandinavia. It is often of high importance to pastoralist societies, the dairy products of transhumance flocks and herds ( milk, butter, yogurt and cheese ) often forming much of the diet of such populations. In many languages there are words for the higher summer pastures and frequently these are found as placenanes: e. g. Hafod in Wales.
The term "transhumance" is also occasionally used for nomadic pastoralism – migration of people and livestock over longer distances.
Contents [show]
[edit]Etymology
The term derives from the Latin trans 'across' and humus 'ground'.
[edit]Worldwide transhumance patterns
Moving sheep up along a road in the Massif Central, France
Transhumance developed on every inhabited continent. Although there are substantial cultural and technological variations, underlying practices for taking advantage of remote seasonal pastures are similar.
[edit]Europe
[edit]The Alps
Main article: Transhumance in the Alps
Appenzell seasonal rotation of herding to higher or lower pastures.
The traditional economy of the Alps was based on rearing cattle. Seasonal migration between valley and high pastures was critical in feeding an increased number of cattle and supporting a higher human population. That practice has shaped a lot of landscape in the Alps, as without it, most areas below 2000 m would be forests.
While tourism and industry contribute today much to Alpine economy, seasonal migration to high pastures is still practised in Bavaria, Austria and Switzerland, except in their most frequented tourist centers. In some places, cattle are taken care of by local farmer families who move to higher places. In others, this job is for herdsmen employed by the cooperative owning the pastures.
Austria has over 12 000 sites where 70 000 farmers take care of about 500 000 cattle. Alpine pastures amount to a quarter of the farmland.
Bavaria has about 1400 sites hosting 50 000 cattle, about half of them in Upper Bavaria and the other half in the Allgäu.
In Switzerland, about 380 000 cattle including 130 000 cows as well as 200 000 sheep are in summer on high pastures. Milk from cows here is usually made into local cheese specialities, handmade using traditional methods and tools. Alpine pastures amount to 35% of Swiss farmland. Transhumance contributes much to traditional Swiss culture, for example yodeling, alphorn and Schwingen ( wrestling ) are closely connected to Alpine pastures.
[edit]The Balkans
In the Balkans, the Sarakatsani, Aromanians and Yörüks traditionally spent summer months in the mountains and returned to lower plains in the winter. Until the mid - 20th century, borders between Greece, Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia were relatively unobstructed. In summer, some groups went as far north as the Balkan mountains while winter they would spend in warmer plains in vicinity of the Aegean sea. The Morlachs were a population of Vlach shepherds who lived in the Dinaric Alps ( western Balkans in modern use ) , constantly migrating in search for better pastures for their sheep flocks. But as national states appeared in a former domain of the Ottoman empire, new state borders came . . .
از ویکی پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
یک رمه گاه[۱] تابستانه در گودبراندس دال[۲]، نروژ.
به نوعی از کوچ گردی عشایر که با اسکان نیمه ثابت همراه باشد رَمه گَردانی گفته می شود. [۳]
به عبارتی رمه گردانی، دامداری متحرک توسط گروهی است که در اصل یکجانشین و روستانشین است. در اصطلاح، کوچ گرد بودن یا کوچ نشینی را اسکان متحرک، یکجانشینی را اسکان ثابت و رمه گردانی را اسکان نیمه متحرک می گویند. [۴]
گالش ها در گیلان و مازندران نمونه ای از دامداران فصلی یا همان رمه گردانان هستند.
این یک نوشتار خُرد است. با گسترش آن به ویکی پدیا کمک کنید.
منابع [ویرایش]
↑ در اسکاندیناوی به رمه گاه seter می گویند.
↑ Gudbrandsdal
↑ روزنامه اطلاعات، پنجشنبه ۱۴ آذر ۱۳۸۷، ۴ دسامبر ۲۰۰۸، شماره ۲۴۳۵۵
↑ روزنامه همشهری، سال چهارم، شماره ۱۱۲۶، نوامبر ۱۹۹۶
رده ها: اقتصا دبهینه جویی های اقتصادی دامدامپروری عشایرمهاجرت انسان
قس انگلیسی
Transhumance is the seasonal movement of people with their livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures. In montane regions ( vertical transhumance ) it implies movement between higher pastures in summer and lower valleys in winter. Herders have a permanent home, typically in valleys. Only the herds travel, with the people necessary to tend them. In contrast, horizontal transhumance is more susceptible to being disrupted by climatic, economic or political change. [1]
Traditional or fixed transhumance occurs or has occurred throughout the inhabited world, including Austria, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Chad, Croatia, France, Greece, India, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Lebanon, Macedonia, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Turkey, Scandinavia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Georgia, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Lesotho. It is also practised among more nomadic Sami people of Scandinavia. It is often of high importance to pastoralist societies, the dairy products of transhumance flocks and herds ( milk, butter, yogurt and cheese ) often forming much of the diet of such populations. In many languages there are words for the higher summer pastures and frequently these are found as placenanes: e. g. Hafod in Wales.
The term "transhumance" is also occasionally used for nomadic pastoralism – migration of people and livestock over longer distances.
Contents [show]
[edit]Etymology
The term derives from the Latin trans 'across' and humus 'ground'.
[edit]Worldwide transhumance patterns
Moving sheep up along a road in the Massif Central, France
Transhumance developed on every inhabited continent. Although there are substantial cultural and technological variations, underlying practices for taking advantage of remote seasonal pastures are similar.
[edit]Europe
[edit]The Alps
Main article: Transhumance in the Alps
Appenzell seasonal rotation of herding to higher or lower pastures.
The traditional economy of the Alps was based on rearing cattle. Seasonal migration between valley and high pastures was critical in feeding an increased number of cattle and supporting a higher human population. That practice has shaped a lot of landscape in the Alps, as without it, most areas below 2000 m would be forests.
While tourism and industry contribute today much to Alpine economy, seasonal migration to high pastures is still practised in Bavaria, Austria and Switzerland, except in their most frequented tourist centers. In some places, cattle are taken care of by local farmer families who move to higher places. In others, this job is for herdsmen employed by the cooperative owning the pastures.
Austria has over 12 000 sites where 70 000 farmers take care of about 500 000 cattle. Alpine pastures amount to a quarter of the farmland.
Bavaria has about 1400 sites hosting 50 000 cattle, about half of them in Upper Bavaria and the other half in the Allgäu.
In Switzerland, about 380 000 cattle including 130 000 cows as well as 200 000 sheep are in summer on high pastures. Milk from cows here is usually made into local cheese specialities, handmade using traditional methods and tools. Alpine pastures amount to 35% of Swiss farmland. Transhumance contributes much to traditional Swiss culture, for example yodeling, alphorn and Schwingen ( wrestling ) are closely connected to Alpine pastures.
[edit]The Balkans
In the Balkans, the Sarakatsani, Aromanians and Yörüks traditionally spent summer months in the mountains and returned to lower plains in the winter. Until the mid - 20th century, borders between Greece, Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia were relatively unobstructed. In summer, some groups went as far north as the Balkan mountains while winter they would spend in warmer plains in vicinity of the Aegean sea. The Morlachs were a population of Vlach shepherds who lived in the Dinaric Alps ( western Balkans in modern use ) , constantly migrating in search for better pastures for their sheep flocks. But as national states appeared in a former domain of the Ottoman empire, new state borders came . . .