نظریه فرزند خواندگی. ( به انگلیسی: Doctrine of adoption ) . این نظریه به پولس ساموستایی، پاتریارک انطاکیه در سال 260 میلادی منسوب است. وی لاهوت در مسیح ( ع ) را انکار می کرد. در این نظریه ی مسیح ( ع ) انسانی عادی است که از امتزاج روح القدس و مریم ( س ) به دست آمد و در روز تعمید ( 30 سالگی ) از ناحیه ی خداوند قدرت الهی یافت و فرزند او خوانده شد. بنابراین، اطلاق لفظ خدا یا فرزند خدا بر مسیح ( ع ) اطلاقی غیر حقیقی است. ( 1 ) و هیچ شائبه ی تعدد در خداوند نیست. پولس حاجت طلبیدن از عیسی ( ع ) و سرود به افتخار مسیح را اجازه نمی داد. تنها خدا می بایست پرستیده شود و دعاها باید به واسطه ی مسیح ( ع ) ، به عنوان واسطه بین خدا و انسان خوانده شود. پاپ پولس را محکوم و تبعید کرد. ( 2 ) نویسنده ی کتاب سرگذشت مسیحیت درباره ی این شخص چنین نوشته است: «فردی بنام پُل ( پولس ) در قرن سوم اسقف انطاکیه بود. این مرد توانا ( اما بی قید و بند ) تعلیم می داد که مسیح دارای الوهیت نبود بلکه فقط انسانی نیکو بود که در اثر عدالت و راست کرداری و نیز حلول کلمه ی الهی در وجودش به هنگام تعمید قادر به انجام امور الهی و ایفای نقش نجات دهنده گردید. آموزه ای که به وسیله ی پُل مطرح شد تحت عنوان مونارکیانیزم پویا یا فرزند خواندگی معروف است. » ( 3 ) ، ( 4 )
( 1 ) . لویس غردیة، فلسفة الفکر الدینی بین الاسلام و المسیحیه، ج 2، ص 284؛ پطرس بستانی، دایرة المعارف بستانی، ج 5، ص 704.
( 2 ) . جُوان. اُ. گریدی، مسیحیت و بدعتها، ص 145.
( 3 ) . اول کرنر، سرگذشت مسیحیت در طول تاریخ، ص 77.
( 4 ) . محمد رضا زیبائی نژاد، مسحیت شناسی مقایسه ای، ص 336.
قس انگلیسی
The Doctrine of Adoption
Written by Kyle Sorensen
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"God sent His Son to Adopt more sons" Galatians 4:4 - 7
Spiritually speaking, every human is born outside of God's family. We are rebels against the One who gave us life, and we have joined the family of His arch enemy - the Devil. However, God sent His only begotten Son into the world to defeat the Devil and adopt the elect into His family. The Biblical doctrine of adoption reminds us of our family connection that matters most. Our spiritual adoption into the Heavenly Father's family reminds us to glorify God for establishing a family connection with Him, and maintaining that connection throughout eternity. God sent His Son to adopt more sons.
What is the doctrine of adoption? Our Heidelberg Catechism doesn't define this biblical teaching, though it does assume it on two different occasions. When we think about our faith in God the Father Almighty, we believe that God is "for the sake of Christ His Son, my God and My Father. " ( #26 ) Also, when we try to wrestle with the concept of how we can be God's children when Jesus is God's only begotten Son, the answer is found in the doctrine of adoption. "Christ alone is called the eternal, natural Son of God, but we are the children of God by adoption, through grace, for His sake. " ( #33 ) What is adoption, then? In the words of our Presbyterian friends in their Westminster Shorter Catechism, "Adoption is an act of God's free grace, whereby we are received into the number, and have the right to all the privileges of the sons of God. " ( # 34 )
The Place of Adoption
Adoption is about a changed status. Naturally, we are all children of wrath, says Ephesians 2:3. The unsaved are really serving their spiritual father, the devil. How is it that children of the devil become children of God? God freely gives us the grace of adoption. "But when the fullness of the time had come, God sent forth His Son, born of a woman, born under the law, to redeem those who were under the law, that we might receive the adoption as sons. " ( Galatians 4:4 - 5 )
Adoption is a gift. None of us applied to be adopted. Even in our world today, it is the parents who fill out the application forms to adopt. The children who will be adopted do not ask or choose whom their parents will be. The parents and adoption agency choose where to place the child. It is the same with spiritual adoption. "But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of God, to those who believe in His name: who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God. " ( John 1:12 - 13 )
The place of Adoption is a place of honor for us. Receiving this wonderful gift gives us an awesome status. The Apostle John worshiped God for this, saying, "Behold what manner of love the Father has bestowed on us, that we should be called children of God!" ( 1 John 3:1 )
The place of Adoption puts Christ in His place of honor as well. He is the only natural Son of God, full of grace and truth. Adoption points us to Christ in a few ways. It shows how we can be adopted - by the work of Christ. It also reminds us that we are only adopted. This doesn't mean we are second - class family members of God's family. We're just not of the same class as Jesus. He is unique. Before you or I were ever sons of God, God already had a Son to send forth into the world to redeem us. Jesus is the heir of God, we are joint - heirs ( Romans 8:17 ) . Let's never forget that. That's why . . .
( 1 ) . لویس غردیة، فلسفة الفکر الدینی بین الاسلام و المسیحیه، ج 2، ص 284؛ پطرس بستانی، دایرة المعارف بستانی، ج 5، ص 704.
( 2 ) . جُوان. اُ. گریدی، مسیحیت و بدعتها، ص 145.
( 3 ) . اول کرنر، سرگذشت مسیحیت در طول تاریخ، ص 77.
( 4 ) . محمد رضا زیبائی نژاد، مسحیت شناسی مقایسه ای، ص 336.
قس انگلیسی
The Doctrine of Adoption
Written by Kyle Sorensen
font size Print E - mail
Rate this item1 2 3 4 5 ( 0 votes )
"God sent His Son to Adopt more sons" Galatians 4:4 - 7
Spiritually speaking, every human is born outside of God's family. We are rebels against the One who gave us life, and we have joined the family of His arch enemy - the Devil. However, God sent His only begotten Son into the world to defeat the Devil and adopt the elect into His family. The Biblical doctrine of adoption reminds us of our family connection that matters most. Our spiritual adoption into the Heavenly Father's family reminds us to glorify God for establishing a family connection with Him, and maintaining that connection throughout eternity. God sent His Son to adopt more sons.
What is the doctrine of adoption? Our Heidelberg Catechism doesn't define this biblical teaching, though it does assume it on two different occasions. When we think about our faith in God the Father Almighty, we believe that God is "for the sake of Christ His Son, my God and My Father. " ( #26 ) Also, when we try to wrestle with the concept of how we can be God's children when Jesus is God's only begotten Son, the answer is found in the doctrine of adoption. "Christ alone is called the eternal, natural Son of God, but we are the children of God by adoption, through grace, for His sake. " ( #33 ) What is adoption, then? In the words of our Presbyterian friends in their Westminster Shorter Catechism, "Adoption is an act of God's free grace, whereby we are received into the number, and have the right to all the privileges of the sons of God. " ( # 34 )
The Place of Adoption
Adoption is about a changed status. Naturally, we are all children of wrath, says Ephesians 2:3. The unsaved are really serving their spiritual father, the devil. How is it that children of the devil become children of God? God freely gives us the grace of adoption. "But when the fullness of the time had come, God sent forth His Son, born of a woman, born under the law, to redeem those who were under the law, that we might receive the adoption as sons. " ( Galatians 4:4 - 5 )
Adoption is a gift. None of us applied to be adopted. Even in our world today, it is the parents who fill out the application forms to adopt. The children who will be adopted do not ask or choose whom their parents will be. The parents and adoption agency choose where to place the child. It is the same with spiritual adoption. "But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of God, to those who believe in His name: who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God. " ( John 1:12 - 13 )
The place of Adoption is a place of honor for us. Receiving this wonderful gift gives us an awesome status. The Apostle John worshiped God for this, saying, "Behold what manner of love the Father has bestowed on us, that we should be called children of God!" ( 1 John 3:1 )
The place of Adoption puts Christ in His place of honor as well. He is the only natural Son of God, full of grace and truth. Adoption points us to Christ in a few ways. It shows how we can be adopted - by the work of Christ. It also reminds us that we are only adopted. This doesn't mean we are second - class family members of God's family. We're just not of the same class as Jesus. He is unique. Before you or I were ever sons of God, God already had a Son to send forth into the world to redeem us. Jesus is the heir of God, we are joint - heirs ( Romans 8:17 ) . Let's never forget that. That's why . . .