پروکوپیوس

پروکوپیوس قیصریه ای ( به لاتین: Procopius Caesarensis، یونانی:Προκόπιος ὁ Καισαρεύς ) یا پروکوپ ( به فرانسوی: Procope ) ( زادهٔ پیرامون ۵۰۰ - مرگ پیرامون ۵۶۵ میلادی ) تاریخ نگار، پژوهنده و حقوق دان بیزانسی بود. وی را برجسته ترین تاریخ نویس سدهٔ ششم پس از میلاد و نیز واپسین تاریخ نگار بزرگ روزگار باستان می دانند. وی که در فلسطین آن زمان می زیست همروزگار با یوستی نیانوس یکم بود و نوشته هایش نیز منبعی بر جنگ ها و فرمانروایی آن امپراتور می باشد.
پروکوپیوس در اسرائیل کنونی زاده شد و در آغاز آموزه های یونان باستان را فراگرفت و زبان لاتین را که زبان دادگستری آن زمان روم شرقی بود را آموخت و پیشهٔ رایزن قضایی را برگزید و به خدمت بلیساریوس فرماندهٔ سپاه یوستی نیانوس درآمد. وی در سفرهای جنگی همراه این ژنرال برجسته بود، از جمله در ۵۳۳ که با لشکرکشی او برای جنگ با وندال ها در شمال آفریقا همراه شد و در همان سامان هم چندی ماند. وی همچنین در نبرد بلیساریوس با گوت ها در ایتالیا نیز وی را همراهی نموده بود.
منبع [ویرایش]
Wikipedia contributors, "Procopius, " Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php?title=Procopius&oldid=358381534 ( accessed May 20, 2010 ) .
رده های صفحه: زادگان ۵۰۰ ( میلادی ) درگذشتگان ۵۶۵ ( میلادی ) تاریخ نگاران اهل بیزانس تاریخ نگاران سده ششم میلادی
از ویکی پدیا
قس انگلیسی
Procopius of Caesarea ( Latin: Procopius Caesarensis, Ancient Greek: Προκόπιος ὁ Καισαρεύς; c. AD 500 – c. AD 565 ) was a prominent Byzantine scholar from Palestine. Accompanying the general Belisarius in the wars of the Emperor Justinian I, he became the principal historian of the 6th century, writing the Wars of Justinian, the Buildings of Justinian and the celebrated Secret History. He is commonly held to be the last major historian of the ancient world.
Contents [show]
[edit]Life
Emperor Constantine I presents a representation of the city of Constantinople as tribute to an enthroned Mary and Christ Child in this church mosaic. Hagia Sophia, c. 1000
Apart from his own writings, the main source for Procopius' life is an entry in the Suda, [1] a 10th century Byzantine encyclopedia that tells nothing about his early life. He was a native of Caesarea in Palaestina Prima[2] ( modern Israel ) . He would have received a conventional élite education in the Greek classics and then rhetoric, [3] perhaps at the famous School of Gaza, [4] may have attended law school, possibly at Berytus ( modern Beirut ) or Constantinople, [5] and became a rhetor ( barrister or advocate ) . [1] He evidently knew Latin, as was natural for a man with legal training. [6] In 527, the first year of Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I's reign, he became the adsessor ( legal adviser ) for Belisarius, Justinian's chief military commander who was then beginning a brilliant career. [7]
Procopius was with Belisarius on the eastern front until the latter was defeated at the Battle of Callinicum in AD 531[8] and recalled to Constantinople. [9] Procopius witnessed the Nika riots of January, 532, which Belisarius and his fellow general Mundo repressed with a massacre in the Hippodrome. [10] In 533, he accompanied Belisarius on his victorious expedition against the Vandal kingdom in North Africa, took part in the capture of Carthage, and remained in Africa with Belisarius' successor Solomon the Eunuch when Belisarius returned to Constantinople. Procopius recorded a few of the extreme weather events of 535 - 536, although these were presented as a backdrop to Byzantine military activities, such as a mutiny, in and near Carthage. [11] He rejoined Belisarius for his campaign against the Ostrogothic kingdom in Italy and experienced the Gothic siege of Rome that lasted a year and nine days, ending in mid - March, 538. He witnessed Belisarius' entry into the Gothic capital, Ravenna, in 540. Book Eight of The Wars of Justinian, and the Secret History, suggest that his relationship with Belisarius seems to have cooled thereafter. When Belisarius was sent back to Italy in 544 to cope with a renewal of the war with the Goths, now led by the able king Totila, Procopius appears to have no longer been on Belisarius' staff.
It is not known when Procopius himself died, and many historians ( James Howard - Johnson, Averil Cameron, Geoffrey Greatrex ) date his death to 554, but in 562 there was an urban prefect of Constantinople who happened to be called Procopius. In that year, Belisarius was implicated in a conspiracy and was brought before this urban prefect.
[edit]Writings
Emperor Justinian
The writings of Procopius are the primary source of information for the rule of the Roman emperor Justinian. Procopius was the author of a history in eight books of the wars fought by Justinian I, a panegyric on Justinian's public works throughout the empire, and a book known as the Secret History ( Greek: Anekdota ) that claims to report the scandals that Procopius could not include in his published history.
[edit]The Wars of Justinian
Procopius' Wars of Justinian ( Ancient Greek: Ὑπέρ τῶν πολέμων λόγοι}}, Latin: De Bellis, "About the War . . .